* 1.2 Acts 26.6; Gal 3.8

* 1.3 Jn 1.14

a 1.4 Or Spirit

* 1.4 Acts 13.33; Heb 9.14

* 1.5 Acts 6.7; 9.15; Gal 1.16

* 1.7 1 Cor 1.2, 3; Gal 1; 3; Eph 1.2

* 1.8 Rom 16.19; Phil 1.3

b 1.9 Gk my spirit in the gospel

* 1.9 Acts 24.14; Eph 1.16; Phil 1.8

c 1.16 Or trusts

* 1.16 Acts 3.26; Rom 2.9; 1 Cor 1.18; 2 Tim 1.8

d 1.17 Or The one who is righteous through faith will live

* 1.17 Rom 3.21; Gal 3.11; Heb 10.38

* 1.18 Eph 5.6; Col 3.6

* 1.20 Ps 19.1–6

* 1.21 Jer 2.5; Eph 4.17, 18

* 1.23 Ps 106.20; Jer 2.11; Acts 17.29

* 1.24 Eph 4.18, 19; 1 Pet 4.3

* 1.25 Isa 44.20; Jer 10.14; Rom 9.5

e 1.26 Gk use

* 1.26 Lev 18.22; Eph 4.19; 1 Thess 4.5

f 1.27 Gk use

* 1.27 Lev 18.22; 20.13

* 1.28 Eph 4.19

g 1.30 Or God-hated

* 1.30 Ps 5.5; 2 Tim 3.2

* 1.31 2 Tim 3.3

* 1.32 Acts 8.1; 22.20; Rom 6.21

* 2.1 2 Sam 12.5–7; Mt 7.1, 2; Rom 1.20

* 2.4 Ex 34.6; Rom 3.25; 11.22; Eph 1.7; 2.7; 2 Pet 3.9

* 2.5 Deut 32.34; Jude 6

* 2.6 Mt 16.27; 1 Cor 3.8; 2 Cor 5.10

* 2.8 Gal 5.20; 2 Thess 2.12

* 2.9 1 Pet 4.17

* 2.11 Deut 10.17; Gal 2.6; Eph 6.9

* 2.13 Jas 1.22, 23, 25

h 2.14 Or law by nature, do

* 2.16 Eccl 12.14; Acts 10.42; 1 Cor 4.5; 1 Tim 1.11

* 2.17 v 23; Mic 3.11; Rom 9.4

* 2.20 Rom 6.17; 2 Tim 1.13

* 2.21 Mt 23.3, 4

i 2.24 Or despised

* 2.24 Isa 52.5

* 2.25 Gal 5.3

* 2.28 Mt 3.9; Jn 8.39; Rom 9.6; Gal 6.15

* 2.29 2 Cor 10.18; Col 2.11; 1 Pet 3.4

j 3.2 Gk they

* 3.2 Deut 4.8; Ps 147.19

* 3.3 2 Tim 2.13; Heb 4.2

k 3.4 Other ancient authorities read you may prevail

* 3.4 Ps 51.4; 116.11; Jn 3.33

* 3.5 Rom 6.19; Gal 3.15

* 3.8 Rom 6.1

l 3.9 Or at any disadvantage?

* 3.9 Gal 3.22

* 3.10 Ps 14.1–3

* 3.13 Ps 5.9

* 3.15 Isa 59.7, 8

* 3.19 Jn 10.34; Rom 2.12

* 3.20 Ps 143.2; Acts 13.39; Rom 7.7; Gal 2.16

* 3.21 Acts 10.43; Rom 1.2, 17; 9.30

m 3.22 Or through faith in Jesus Christ

n 3.22 Or trust

* 3.22 Rom 10.12; Gal 3.28; Col 3.11

* 3.23 Gal 3.22

* 3.24 Rom 4.16; Eph 1.7; 2.8; Col 1.14; Heb 9.12, 15

o 3.25 Or a place of atonement

* 3.25 Heb 9.14, 28; 1 Pet 1.19; 1 Jn 2.2

p 3.26 Or has faith in Jesus

* 3.27 Rom 2.17, 23; 4.2; 1 Cor 1.29–31; Eph 2.9

* 3.28 Acts 13.39; Eph 2.9

* 3.30 Gal 3.8

q 4.1 Other ancient authorities read say about

* 4.2 1 Cor 1.31

r 4.3 Or trusted in

* 4.3 Gen 15.6; Gal 3.6; Jas 2.23

* 4.4 Rom 11.6

* 4.7 Ps 32.1, 2

s 4.11 Or trust

t 4.11 Or trust

* 4.11 Gen 17.10; Lk 19.9

* 4.13 Gen 17.4–6; Gal 3.29

* 4.15 Rom 3.20; 7.8, 10, 11; Gal 3.10

* 4.16 Rom 3.24; 9.8; 15.8

u 4.17 Or trusted

* 4.17 Gen 17.5; 1 Cor 1.28

v 4.19 Other ancient authorities lack already

* 4.19 Gen 17.17; Heb 11.11, 12

* 4.21 Gen 18.14; Heb 11.19

* 4.23 Rom 15.4; 1 Cor 9.10; 10.11

w 4.24 Or trust

* 4.24 Acts 2.24; Rom 10.9

* 4.25 Isa 53.5, 6; 1 Cor 15.17; 2 Cor 5.21

x 5.1 Other ancient authorities read let us

* 5.1 Rom 3.28

y 5.2 Other ancient authorities add by faith

z 5.2 Or let us

* 5.2 1 Cor 15.1; Eph 2.18; Heb 3.6

a 5.3 Or let us

* 5.3 2 Cor 12.10; Jas 1.2, 3

* 5.5 Eph 1.13; Phil 1.20

* 5.6 Rom 4.25

* 5.8 Jn 15.13; 1 Pet 3.18; 1 Jn 3.16

b 5.9 Gk the wrath

* 5.9 Rom 3.5, 25; 1 Thess 1.10; Heb 9.14

* 5.10 Rom 8.34; 11.28; 2 Cor 5.18; Col 1.21, 22

* 5.12 Gen 2.17; 3.6, 19; Rom 6.23; 1 Cor 15.21

* 5.14 1 Cor 15.22, 45

* 5.20 Rom 7.7, 8; Gal 3.19; 1 Tim 1.14

* 6.1 v 15; Rom 3.5, 8

* 6.2 Rom 7.4, 6; Gal 2.19; Col 3.3; 1 Pet 2.24

* 6.3 Acts 2.38; 8.16; 19.5

* 6.4 Gal 6.15; Eph 4.22–24; Col 2.12; 3.10

* 6.6 Rom 7.24; Gal 2.20; Eph 4.22; Col 3.9

c 6.7 Or justified

* 6.9 Rev 1.18

* 6.10 Heb 7.27

* 6.11 v 2; Gal 2.19

* 6.12 v 14

d 6.13 Or weapons

e 6.13 Or weapons

* 6.13 Rom 7.5; 12.1; Col 3.5

* 6.14 Rom 8.2; Gal 5.18

* 6.16 Mt 6.24; Jn 8.34; Rom 11.2; 2 Pet 2.19

* 6.17 Rom 1.8; 2 Tim 1.13

* 6.18 Jn 8.32; Rom 8.2

f 6.19 Gk the weakness of your flesh

* 6.19 v 13; Rom 3.5; 15.1

* 6.20 Mt 6.24; Jn 8.34

* 6.21 Rom 7.5; 8.6, 13, 21

* 6.22 Jn 8.32; 1 Cor 7.22; 1 Pet 2.16

* 6.23 Rom 5.12, 21; Gal 6.7, 8

* 7.2 1 Cor 7.39

* 7.3 Mt 5.32

* 7.4 Rom 6.2, 22; Gal 2.19; Col 1.22

* 7.5 Rom 6.13, 21; Gal 5.19; Jas 1.15

* 7.6 Rom 2.29; 2 Cor 3.6

* 7.7 Ex 20.17; Deut 5.21; Rom 3.20; 5.20

* 7.8 v 11; 1 Cor 15.56

* 7.10 Lev 18.5; Rom 10.5; Gal 3.12

* 7.12 1 Tim 1.8

g 7.14 Gk sold under sin

* 7.15 Gal 5.17

* 7.18 v 25

* 7.22 Ps 1.2; 2 Cor 4.16; Eph 3.16

* 7.23 Gal 5.17

h 7.25 Other ancient authorities read I thank God

* 8.1 Rom 5.16

i 8.2 Or spirit

j 8.2 Gk you is singular; other ancient authorities read me or us

* 8.2 Jn 8.32, 36; Rom 6.14, 18; 1 Cor 15.45

k 8.3 Or and as a sin offering

* 8.3 Acts 13.39; Phil 2.7; Heb 2.14; 7.18

l 8.4 Or spirit

* 8.4 Gal 5.16, 25

m 8.5 Or spirit

n 8.5 Or spirit

* 8.5 Gal 5.19–25

o 8.6 Or spirit

* 8.6 Rom 6.21; Gal 6.8

* 8.7 Jas 4.4

p 8.9 Or spirit

* 8.9 1 Cor 3.16; Gal 4.6; Phil 1.19; 1 Jn 4.13

q 8.10 Or spirit

r 8.11 Other ancient authorities read Christ or the Christ or Jesus Christ

s 8.11 Other ancient authorities read on account of

* 8.11 Jn 5.21; Acts 2.24; 1 Cor 6.14

* 8.13 Gal 6.8; Col 3.5

* 8.14 Gal 5.18

t 8.15 Aramaic for Father

* 8.15 Gal 4.5, 6; 2 Tim 1.7; Heb 2.15

u 8.16 Or 15a spirit of adoption, by which we cry, “Abba! Father!” 16The Spirit itself bears witness

* 8.16 2 Cor 1.22; Eph 1.13

* 8.17 Gal 4.7; 2 Tim 2.12; 1 Pet 4.13

* 8.23 2 Cor 1.22; 5.2, 4; Gal 5.5

v 8.24 Or by

w 8.26 Other ancient authorities add for us

* 8.26 Mt 20.22; Eph 6.18

x 8.27 Gk And the one

y 8.27 Gk he or it

* 8.27 Ps 139.1, 2; Lk 16.15; Rev 2.23

z 8.28 Other ancient authorities read God makes all things work together or in all things God works

* 8.28 v 32

a 8.29 Gk among many brothers

* 8.29 Rom 11.2; Eph 1.5, 11; Phil 3.21; Heb 1.6; 1 Pet 1.2, 20

* 8.30 Rom 9.24; 1 Cor 6.11; Eph 1.5, 11

* 8.31 Ps 118.6; Rom 4.1

* 8.33 Isa 50.8, 9; Lk 18.7

b 8.34 Other ancient authorities read Christ Jesus

* 8.34 Col 3.1; Heb 1.3; 7.25; 9.24; 1 Jn 2.1

* 8.36 Ps 44.22; 2 Cor 4.11

* 8.37 1 Cor 15.57; Rev 1.5

* 8.38 Eph 1.21; 1 Pet 3.22

* 9.1 2 Cor 1.23; 11.10; 1 Tim 2.7

* 9.3 Ex 32.32

* 9.4 Ps 147.19; Acts 3.25; Heb 9.1

c 9.5 Or Messiah, who is God over all, blessed forever; or Messiah. May he who is God over all be blessed forever

* 9.5 Jn 1.1; Rom 1.25; Col 1.16–19

* 9.6 Num 23.19; Rom 2.28, 29; Gal 6.16

* 9.7 Gal 4.23; Heb 11.18

* 9.9 Gen 18.10

* 9.10 Gen 25.21

* 9.12 Gen 25.23

* 9.13 Mal 1.2, 3

* 9.14 2 Chr 19.7

* 9.15 Ex 33.19

* 9.17 Ex 9.16

* 9.19 2 Chr 20.6; Job 23.13; Dan 4.35

* 9.20 Isa 29.16; 64.8

* 9.21 2 Tim 2.20

* 9.22 Rom 2.4

* 9.25 Hos 2.23; 1 Pet 2.10

* 9.26 Hos 1.10

* 9.27 Gen 22.17; Isa 10.22, 23; Hos 1.10

d 9.28 Other ancient authorities read for he will finish his work and cut it short in righteousness, because the Lord will make the sentence shortened on the earth

* 9.29 Isa 1.9; 13.19; Jer 50.40

* 9.30 Rom 10.6; Gal 2.16; Heb 11.7

* 9.31 Rom 10.2, 3; Gal 5.4

* 9.32 1 Pet 2.6, 8

e 9.33 Or it

* 9.33 Isa 28.16; Mt 21.42; Rom 10.11

* 10.2 Acts 21.20

* 10.3 Rom 1.17; Phil 3.9

* 10.4 Rom 7.1–4; Gal 3.24

* 10.5 Neh 9.29; Ezek 20.11, 13, 21; Rom 7.10

* 10.8 Deut 30.14

f 10.9 Or namely, that

g 10.9 Or trust

* 10.9 Mt 10.32; Lk 12.8; Acts 16.31

h 10.10 Or trusts

i 10.11 Or trusts

* 10.11 Isa 28.16; Rom 9.33

* 10.12 Acts 10.36; Rom 3.22, 29; Gal 3.28

* 10.13 Joel 2.32; Acts 2.21

j 10.14 Or trusted

k 10.14 Or trust

* 10.15 Isa 52.7

l 10.16 Or gospel

m 10.16 Or trusted

* 10.16 Isa 53.1; Jn 12.38; Heb 4.2

n 10.17 Or trust

o 10.17 Or about Christ; other ancient authorities read of God

* 10.18 Ps 19.4; Col 1.6, 23; 1 Thess 1.8

* 10.19 Deut 32.21; Rom 11.11

* 10.20 Isa 65.1; Rom 9.30

* 10.21 Isa 65.2

* 11.1 1 Sam 12.22; Jer 31.37; 2 Cor 11.22; Phil 3.5

* 11.2 1 Kings 19.10; Ps 94.14; Rom 8.29

* 11.4 1 Kings 19.18

p 11.6 Other ancient authorities add But if it is by works, it is no longer on the basis of grace, otherwise work would no longer be work

* 11.6 Rom 4.4

* 11.7 Rom 9.18, 31

* 11.8 Deut 29.4; Isa 29.10; Mt 13.13, 14

* 11.9 Ps 69.22, 23

q 11.11 Or transgression

r 11.11 Gk them

* 11.11 Acts 13.46; Rom 10.19

s 11.12 Or transgression

* 11.13 Acts 9.15; Rom 15.16

t 11.14 Gk my flesh

* 11.14 Rom 10.19; 1 Cor 7.16; 9.22

u 11.17 Other ancient authorities read the root and the richness

v 11.20 Or faithlessness or lack of trust

w 11.20 Or faithfulness or trust

* 11.20 Rom 12.16; 2 Cor 1.24

x 11.21 Other ancient authorities read perhaps he will not spare you

* 11.22 Jn 15.2; 1 Cor 15.2; Heb 3.6

y 11.23 Gk lacks of Israel

z 11.23 Or faithlessness or lack of trust

* 11.23 2 Cor 3.16

* 11.25 Rom 9.18; 1 Cor 2.7–10; Eph 3.3–5, 9

* 11.26 Isa 59.20, 21

* 11.27 Isa 27.9

* 11.30 Eph 2.2

a 11.31 Other ancient authorities lack now

* 11.32 Rom 3.9; Gal 3.22, 23

* 11.33 Ps 92.5; Eph 3.8

* 11.34 Job 36.22; Isa 40.13, 14; 1 Cor 2.16

* 11.36 Rom 16.27; 1 Cor 8.6; Heb 2.10; 13.21

* 12.1 Rom 6.13, 16, 19; 2 Cor 10.1, 2; 1 Pet 2.5

b 12.2 Or what is the good and acceptable and perfect will of God

* 12.2 Eph 4.23; 5.10; 1 Pet 1.14; 1 Jn 2.15

* 12.3 Rom 15.15; 2 Cor 10.13; Eph 4.7

* 12.4 1 Cor 12.12–14; Eph 4.4, 16

* 12.6 1 Cor 7.7; 12.4, 10; 1 Pet 4.10, 11

* 12.7 1 Cor 12.28; 14.26

* 12.8 Mt 6.2–4; Acts 15.32; 2 Cor 9.7; 1 Tim 5.17

* 12.12 Acts 1.14; Heb 10.32, 36

* 12.13 Rom 15.25; Heb 13.2

* 12.14 Mt 5.44; Lk 6.28

c 12.16 Or give yourselves to humble tasks

* 12.16 Rom 11.25; 15.5

* 12.17 Prov 20.22; 2 Cor 8.21

* 12.18 Mk 9.50; Rom 14.19

d 12.19 Gk the wrath

* 12.19 Lev 19.18; Heb 10.30

* 13.1 Dan 2.21; Jn 19.11; Titus 3.1; 1 Pet 2.13

* 13.3 1 Pet 2.14

e 13.4 Gk it

* 13.5 Eccl 8.2; 1 Pet 2.19

* 13.8 Gal 5.14; Col 3.14; Jas 2.8

* 13.9 Ex 20.13, 14; Mt 19.19

* 13.10 Mt 22.39, 40

* 13.11 1 Cor 7.29, 30; 15.34; Eph 5.14; 1 Thess 5.5, 6

f 13.12 Other ancient authorities read lay aside

* 13.12 Eph 5.11; 1 Thess 5.8; 1 Jn 2.8

* 13.13 Gal 5.21; Eph 5.18; 1 Thess 4.12

* 13.14 Gal 3.27; 5.16; Eph 4.24

g 14.1 Or conviction

* 14.1 1 Cor 8.9; 9.22

* 14.2 1 Tim 4.4; Titus 1.15

h 14.4 Other ancient authorities read for God

* 14.6 1 Cor 10.31; 1 Tim 4.3

* 14.7 2 Cor 5.15; Gal 2.20; Phil 1.20, 21

* 14.9 Acts 10.36; 2 Cor 5.15

i 14.10 Other ancient authorities read of Christ

* 14.10 2 Cor 5.10

j 14.11 Or confess

* 14.11 Isa 45.23; Phil 2.10, 11

k 14.12 Other ancient authorities add to God

* 14.12 Mt 12.36; 1 Pet 4.5

* 14.13 Mt 7.1; 1 Cor 8.13

* 14.14 Acts 10.15; 1 Cor 8.7

* 14.17 Rom 15.13; 1 Cor 8.8

* 14.18 2 Cor 8.21

* 14.19 Ps 34.14; Rom 15.2; Heb 12.14

l 14.21 Other ancient authorities add or be upset or be weakened

* 14.21 1 Cor 8.13

m 14.23 Or conviction

n 14.23 Or conviction

o 14.23 Other ancient authorities add here 16.25–27

* 15.1 Rom 14.1; Gal 6.1, 2

* 15.2 Rom 14.19; 1 Cor 10.33

* 15.4 Rom 4.23, 24; 2 Tim 3.16, 17

* 15.5 Rom 12.16; 1 Cor 1.10

* 15.8 Mt 15.24; Acts 3.25, 26; Rom 3.3; 2 Cor 1.20

* 15.9 2 Sam 22.50; Ps 18.49

* 15.12 Isa 11.10; Mt 12.21; Rev 5.5; 22.16

* 15.13 Rom 14.17; 1 Thess 1.5

* 15.14 1 Cor 8.1, 7, 10; 2 Pet 1.12

* 15.15 Rom 12.3; Eph 3.7, 8

* 15.16 Acts 9.15; Rom 11.13; Phil 2.17

p 15.19 Other ancient authorities read the Spirit of God or the Holy Spirit

* 15.19 Acts 19.11; 2 Cor 12.12

* 15.20 2 Cor 10.15, 16

* 15.21 Isa 52.15

* 15.23 Acts 19.21; Rom 1.11

* 15.25 Acts 19.21; 24.27

* 15.26 2 Cor 8.1; 9.2; 1 Thess 1.7, 8

* 15.27 1 Cor 9.11

q 15.28 Gk have sealed to them this fruit

r 15.29 Other ancient authorities add of the gospel

* 15.30 2 Cor 1.11; Gal 5.22; Col 4.12

s 15.31 Other ancient authorities read my bringing of a gift

* 15.32 Acts 18.21; Rom 1.10; 1 Cor 16.18

t 15.33 One ancient authority adds 16.25–27 here

* 15.33 Rom 16.20; 2 Cor 13.11; Phil 4.9; Heb 13.20

u 16.1 Or minister

* 16.1 Acts 18.18

* 16.3 Acts 18.2; 2 Tim 4.19

v 16.5 Gk first fruits

* 16.5 1 Cor 16.15, 19; Col 4.15

w 16.7 Or Junias; other ancient authorities read Julia

* 16.9 2 Cor 5.17

* 16.15 vv 2, 14

* 16.16 1 Cor 16.20; 2 Cor 13.12; 1 Thess 5.26

* 16.17 2 Thess 3.6, 14; 1 Tim 1.3; 6.3; 2 Jn 10

x 16.18 Gk their own belly

* 16.18 Phil 3.19; Col 2.4

* 16.19 Rom 1.8; 1 Cor 14.20

y 16.20 Other ancient authorities lack this sentence

* 16.20 Gen 3.15; Rom 15.33; 1 Thess 5.28

* 16.21 Acts 13.1; 16.1; 17.5

z 16.22 Or I Tertius, writing this letter in the Lord, greet you

a 16.23 Other ancient authorities add verse 24, The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with all of you. Amen.

* 16.23 Acts 19.22; 1 Cor 1.14

b 16.25 Gk the one

* 16.25 Rom 2.16; Eph 1.9; 3.20

* 16.26 Rom 1.5; Eph 1.9

c 16.27 Other ancient authorities lack 16.25–27 or include it after 14.23 or 15.33; others put 16.24 after 16.27